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Civics Grade School Essay Topics
Monday, August 24, 2020
The Clash - Smart Custom Writing Samples
The Clash - Smart Custom Writing Abstract Analysis of Jean-Paul Sartre?s ?The Wall?Jean-Paul Sartre created ââ¬Å"The Wallâ⬠an assortment of short anecdotal stories that was distributed in 1939. This book is set in Spain and its Civil War goes about as the background. In this book, three men have been condemned to death by the Spanish Fascists. They are placed in isolation or a phone, and a static character, the Belgian specialist watches their psychological torment on the most recent night before being exposed to the terminating crew. The three men are Pablo Ibietta, Juan, and Tom. Pablo is the hero and the storyteller of the story (Sartre 1). He is being gone after for atrocities and his refusal to uncover the whereabouts of his companion, Ramon Gris, a revolutionary. Juanââ¬â¢s criminal accusation is having a sibling who is a rebel while Tom is an individual from International Brigades. Juan is the hero and accepts that he will be murdered in light of the fact that he isn't honest. Sartre has utilized portrayal to uncover the responses, mental state, and musings of the three men as they anticipate execution. In this book, the writer utilizes symbolism to show the extraordinary feelings of the three convicts. The divider has been utilized to show the finish of life and opportunity. The divider represents the finish of opportunity and great life for the three men. It additionally represents the ââ¬Å"blockadeâ⬠that is among them and their lives. On a strict significance, the cell is antisocial nature of dividers. The terminating crew will utilize the divider to end lives. This is a divider in a divider or the utilization of a divider as an article to put a ââ¬Å"wallâ⬠(passing) to the lives of the three men. They are secured and can't have contact with the other world and this means isolation or absolute partition. The cell is a nook that remains among them and their fantasies. The main thing that is interfacing them to their past is recollections. Pablo is segregated from life. He realizes that the lady he cherishes, the life, doesn't make a difference any longer. The primary topic in this book is ââ¬Å"death.â⬠The divider represents demise, an inevitable end that all individuals must face. They can't think past the divider and in this way have surrender to death even before they face the terminating crew. It is noteworthy to take note of that the men are mentally dead even before the watchmen take them to confront the terminating crew. The other subject is blamelessness. Pablo and Juan are honest. Juan attempts to legitimize his guiltlessness when he concedes that his sibling is a revolutionary, and cases that he doesn't have a place with any ideological group (Sartre 1). They have been sentenced in light of the fact that for their relations with revolutionaries. Different topics in this story are love, society versus people and reality. The creator hauls the story through anticipation, and abstract increases the contention that surfaces among the convicts and their up and coming demise. Sartre, Jean-Paul. The Wall. 1939.Web. 17 November 2010.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The Correlation Between Personal Responsibility and College Success Free Essays
The connection between's moral duty and school achievement Roland Miner GEN/200 November 30, 2012 Sara Martin The connection between's moral obligation and school achievement Even however some may state there is no immediate relationship between's moral duty and school achievement, the relationship with how mindful you are and how that influences your school achievement gets clear with higher Grade Point Averages and generally speaking pride in your work. With these apparatuses, high GPA, characteristic inspiration, and self-viability, you get during your school a long time there is proof of making more noteworthy progress after graduation. Another fundamental instrument that will be investigated, that isn't being instructed however easily falls into place for certain understudies, is enthusiastic knowledge or good judgment. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Correlation Between Personal Responsibility and College Success or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The connection between how mindful you are and your school achievement is evident from multiple points of view. A decent procedure is to follow the prospectus and set up a blueprint or calendar. Following a motivation will assist you with spreading out your outstanding task at hand throughout the week, it will show that you are progressing nicely and is an incredible pointer of how dependable you are. One of the most exceedingly terrible characteristics that numerous individuals have is hesitation. As indicated by ââ¬Å"California Polytechnic State University, Cal Poly Academic Skill Centerâ⬠(n. d. ) ââ¬Å"The slowpoke is regularly strikingly idealistic about his capacity to finish an assignment on a tight cutoff time; this is generally joined by articulations of consolation that everything is leveled out. (In this way there is no compelling reason to begin. )â⬠ââ¬Å"At some point, he traverses a fanciful beginning time and abruptly acknowledges, ââ¬Å"Oh no! â⬠I am not in charge! There isnââ¬â¢t sufficient opportunity! (Qualities) The University states, later in their paper, the advantages of defeating hesitation ââ¬Å"Peace of brain, a sentiment of solidarity and reason, and sound sentiment of being responsible for your life. While lingering causes you to feel week, pointless, and powerless, assuming responsibility for your life will cause you to feel sol id, equipped, and skilled. You will encounter expanded individual flexibility! â⬠(Benefits of defeating dawdling) A mindful individual won't hold up until the day the paper is expected to compose it. The last day ought to be set up for evidence eading and any very late changes. As any dependable individual will let you know, following a calendar and handing your work over on schedule and creating higher evaluations will present to you an excess of self-pride other astute know as natural inspiration, and self-adequacy. Spitzer found that (2000) ââ¬Å"Academic self-viability is oneââ¬â¢s certainty to prevail at the scholarly errands as opposed to oneââ¬â¢s genuine capacity. Understudies with high self-viability show more noteworthy subjective exertion, inborn inspiration, diligence, and self guideline in their scholastic execution. The pride you feel realizing that you did the best occupation you could in the time you were dispensed. This exact same drive to inward fulfil lment that will proceed all through your school a very long time as well as will remain with you in all that you do. Natural inspiration and self-adequacy are by all account not the only rewards you will pick up. By taking as much time as is needed and creating extraordinary work you will see a considerable increment in your Grade Point Average which is additionally your characterizing sign of significance in school and past. ââ¬Å"All undergrads share at any rate two objectives during their school vocation. To begin with, they should perform scholastically, typically estimated by GPA (grade point normal). Second, they should advance in profession improvement. â⬠(Spitzer, 2000) Your GPA will remain with you all through your school vocation and is essential to monitor and make progress toward better grades. It is after you graduate that your higher accomplishments will keep on tallying. Numerous businesses will mull over you GPA when searching for new workers. The activity you are applying for may come down to you and one other individual and something like a GPA could free you that profession. It will help recognize you from others going after jobs that you want. Your high Grade Point Average will separate you from unremarkableness. A last significant resource for consider is passionate insight. As per an examination directed by Sparkman, Maulding, and Roberts (2012) ââ¬Å"Emotional Intelligence is the arrangement of aptitudes that a Pearson needs to work successfully on the planet and what may be alluded to as ââ¬Å"common senseâ⬠(p. 644). Their investigation with EI, albeit new and questionable, focuses to ow well an individual will ââ¬Å"handle dissatisfaction, control feelings, and coexist with other peopleâ⬠(p. 644). There is an uncontrollably well known TV program that is as of now communicating which shows a gathering of twenty to thirty something year old geeks attempting to work in the run of the mill everyday condition. They are portrayed in what we would call ordinary everyday capacities and associations and indicated how despite the fact that the y are the Einsteinââ¬â¢s within recent memory they bomb hopeless on a social level. One of the geeks specifically does not have the passionate insight to try and capacity with his own kindred scholarly people. Contemplating this comedic bunch flop their way through life is an ideal, all be it extraordinary, case of Sparkman, Maulding, and Roberts focuses on how significant presence of mind is an absolute necessity to work in todayââ¬â¢s society. They even venture to such an extreme as to recommend that ââ¬Å"Universities wishing to build understudy maintenance and graduation should utilize these scores to create educational plan and extracurricular exercises to support understudy development in passionate knowledge which will explicitly support understudies and foundations the same come to their instructive goalsâ⬠(p. 50). To be a fruitful understudy there are numerous devices for you to utilize, characteristic inspiration, self-adequacy, GPA, and even passionate knowledge, just to give some examples. Every understudy should discover what instrument it will take to upgrade their accomplishments. There are those they may deviate, they may state that being capable has no connection to a fruitful advanced degree. They may even say that your Grade Point Average has no effect on handling a steady profession. Zupek (2008) ââ¬Å"While evaluations and GPA assume a little job in the pursuit of employment process, fortunately risks are, your GPA won't represent the moment of truth you with regards to getting a jobâ⬠(what is important the most? ). With this economy and during circumstances such as the present why run that hazard? For what reason would you not have any desire to give your everything? With a higher Grade Point Averages and a more prominent feeling of self-pride there is no limit to what you can achieve. References California Polytechnic State University, Cal Poly Academic Skills Center. (n. d. ). Recovered from http://sas. calpoly. edu/asc/ssl/lingering. html Sparkman, L. A. , Maulding, W. S. , Roberts, J. G. (2012). Non-subjective indicators of understudy accomplishment in school. Undergrad Journal, 46(3), 642-652. Recovered from University of Phoenix Online Library Spitzer, T. M. (2000). Indicators of school achievement: an examination of conventional and nontraditional age understudies. NASPA Journal (National Association Of Student Personnel Administrators, Inc. ), 38(1), 82-99. Zupek, R. (2008) Does your gpa matter to managers? Recovered from http://msn. careerbuilder. com/Article/MSN-1577-College-Internships-First-Jobs-Does-Your-GPA-Matter-to-Employers/ Step by step instructions to refer to The Correlation Between Personal Responsibility and College Success, Essay models
Friday, July 17, 2020
Constructivism in Psychology and Psychotherapy
Constructivism in Psychology and Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Print Constructivism in Psychology and Psychotherapy By Jenev Caddell, PsyD facebook twitter linkedin Jenev Caddell, PsyD, is a licensed psychologist, relationship coach, and author. Learn about our editorial policy Jenev Caddell, PsyD Updated on July 30, 2019 Group therapy. Getty Images Credit: Tom Merton More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy Constructivism is a theory that posits that humans are meaning makers in their lives and essentially construct their own realities. In various psychotherapeutic approaches that fall under the umbrella of constructivism, the client is viewed as an active participant creating and determining his or her own life path. Constructive thinking differs from other forms of modern theory that views reality as fixed and to be discovered by clients. On the contrary, in constructivism, the reality is something that is created. Constructive Therapies Constructive therapies offer a shifted perspective away from the traditional focus in psychology about what is wrong with a particular client to paying greater attention to someones strengths. It is more optimistic and attends to a clients resources, goals, hopes, and dreams. There is more of a concern about where someone wishes to go in their lives as opposed to their history or childhood. The client is seen as a pro-active reality creator. How Does One Make Meaning? In constructivist theory, the meaning is not necessarily created by an individual but socially in relation to another. It posits an evolving set of meanings that emerge unendingly from the interactions between people. These meanings are not skull-bound and may not exist inside what we may think of as individual mind., (Hoffman, 1990). Reality is therefore socially constructed. This theory is similar to that which is posited in the cutting-edge field called interpersonal neurobiology, which views human identity as more relational than the individual. In other words, we are who we are as we are in relation to another. Constructive Therapists The constructive therapists role in psychotherapy is unlike the classic doctor role in which the therapist is supposed to heal or treat a patient. While the therapist has skills and significant expertise at facilitation and guiding sessions, the constructive therapist is not seen as the objective expert. In constructivism, there is a deep awareness of the subjectivity that everyone has, therapists included. Therapist and client are therefore seen as collaborative participants as they make meaning together and assists the client in creating his or her best reality as they move forward together. The constructive therapist subscribes to the belief in a socially constructed reality and sees his or her work with a client as co-constructing meaning together through conversation. The therapist focuses on a clients strengths, and does not look for illness or deficiencies, but rather emphasizes resources. He or she is focused on the future and is both hopeful and optimistic about the clients ability to make positive changes. Forms of Therapy That Fall Under the Constructivist Umbrella Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a form of brief therapy that has been used with all kinds of people, families, and problems. The emphasis, as with many constructivist therapies, is on the clients strengths and solutions that may already be available to them. The focus on what is already working, as opposed to a focus on what is wrong, yields more solutions as a result. Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) is used primarily with couples to deepen, enrich and save relationships. While EFT falls under the constructive umbrella, it also is an approach that is largely based on attachment theory, which emphasizes the importance of a safe and secure emotional bond with another. Narrative Therapy has been used with children, families, and adults. Narrative Therapy offers clients the opportunity to master their lives through the stories they tell themselves. The Narrative Therapist helps bring forth preferred realities of clients and enables them to essentially re-author their lives. Constructivism in mental health offers a great deal of hope and optimism. With a trusted constructivist therapist who can skillfully facilitate life-changing conversations, new possibilities and opportunities emerge in clients lives. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Death Penalty Essay - 957 Words
Death Penalty When turning on the television, radio, or simply opening the local newspaper, people are bombarded with news of arrests, murders, homicides, and other such tragedies. I believe murder, including the death penalty, is the worst thing that anyone could do. Since Hammurabi first introduced the notion of ââ¬Å"An eye for an eye, a tooth for a toothâ⬠, people have been arguing over whether this is just punishment. Those in favor of the death penalty argue that people should pay for the crimes they do. For them, death is the only fit punishment in some cases. This is not the case. The death penalty is, rather, unethical and wrong. A death for another death does nothing but satisfy ones need for revenge. How often do theseâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Therefore, God will punish anyone who aids in executing people. I believe that religious beliefs, such as the Ten Commandments, are the corner stone for our law system. Executing someone should not be made an exception to Godââ¬â ¢s rule. Most people feel that men who rape little children deserve to die a painful death. They feel that the child and family would be much happier if he dies and know that he canââ¬â¢t hurt anyone anymore. The death penalty still would be wrong. I am pretty sure that people would feel differently if it were their family. They would just want them to get a harsher punishment. My next reason against the death penalty is that taxpayers waste too much of their money with the death penalty. The average death penalty case is appealed many times. This means that the taxpayers must pay for the same trial to be heard three times. This is a very expensive practice. Also, the convicted murderer spends a long time on death row. If supporters of the death penalty are positive enough to kill the person for committing the crime, shouldnââ¬â¢t the supporters be confident enough to execute them in a timely manner? Why spend the taxpayerââ¬â¢s money keeping these inmates in jail for so long? Taxpayerââ¬â¢s money should go to better society, not to accommodate the prisoners that are going to end up dead. People also think that if someone is killed, they should be killed also. That goes back to my introductionShow MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words à |à 6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didnââ¬â¢t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words à |à 4 Pages In her article ââ¬Å"The Truth About The Death Penaltyâ⬠, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penal ty Essay example812 Words à |à 4 Pagesa personââ¬â¢s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.â⬠I would like to see if a personââ¬â¢s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty: Capital Punishment and Violent Crime1570 Words à |à 7 PagesCapital Punishment and Violent Crime Hypothesis Most Americans are pro-death penalty, even though they dont really believe that it is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Those who are pro-death penalty will remain so, even if faced with the best arguments of anti-death penalty activists and told to assume the arguments were absolutely true. Violent crime Violent crime is a major problem in the United States. According to the ACLU, the violent crime rate rose sixty-one percentRead MoreEssay on Article Analysis: OSullivans View of the Death Penalty1536 Words à |à 7 PagesBritain should have the death penalty. Oââ¬â¢Sullivan addresses all the main counter arguments when explain to his audience his conclusion. His supporting evidence includes death penalty decisions in history and several other statistics. Emotionally terms, faulty cause and effects scenarios, and either/or point of views are other ways the author conveys his opinion to the audience. The article begins with an overall theme threw out Oââ¬â¢Sullivanââ¬â¢s piece: does the death penalty appropriately punishRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words à |à 5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words à |à 4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of ââ¬Å"cruel and unusual punishmentâ⬠which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, ââ¬Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words à |à 4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didnââ¬â¢t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words à |à 8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyei ng or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the ââ¬Å"new foundâ⬠legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailed
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
India s Touristry Part Of India - 1593 Words
India s touristry part is anticipated to develop at eight.8% earlier China s over after ten years. with regards to WTTC, capital speculation of India s touristry division is expected to the touch the $22.4 billion imprint in 2015. this might be concerning eight.1 for every penny of the full venture got by the nation in that year. 1.1.1 Spirituality 1.1 exchange rundown One of the premier key areas inside of the world economy is touristry division. it s the speediest developing segments of the economy now-a-days and is foreseen to get extra monetary profit and business moreover as trade. touristry might be comprehensively talking characterized into universal touristry and between provincial touristry. each the sorts hold higher prospects and contribute towards the monetary advancement of a particular national district. touristry is of major monetary and social hugeness in each created and creating nations. It gives immediate and circuitous business opportunities and raises the nature of living and nature of the occupant populace. It furthermore backings and searches out celebrations, individuals conventions, expressions and occasions and gives a commercial center to local specialties and delivering. The touristry exchange India is generous and lively. India s touristry area is one in all most gainful segments of the nation, and furthermore made with tributary a significant amount of trade. Most profound sense of being is instituted as having profound, typically
Anthropomorphy Free Essays
The term ââ¬Å"agentâ⬠in this case comes from the field of computer science and it refers to small programs (software agents) that are highly Independent, and are used to perform a number of tasks with title or no human Intervention. The purpose of anthropomorphic agents therefore Is to 1) make communication between the computer and the user more ââ¬Å"human-likeâ⬠and 2) to increase the automation of tasks. While many people find that anthropomorphic design Is useful because they believe it promotes positive attitudes and engages the user, many people have found that anthropomorphic design is distracting and inappropriately reduces user control and responsibility. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthropomorphy or any similar topic only for you Order Now To address these deferent perspectives, numerous research studies have been undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of anthropomorphic agents. Unfortunately for both sides, the results have not been black and white. In some studies, such as that of Lester et al. 1 997), performance has Increased after a period of interaction with an animated agent, as compared with the same program without an agent. However, In other cases, such as that of Eden and van Mullen (2000), there has been no notable difference in performance between those participants interacting with anthropomorphic agents and those interacting with a text-based system. With these contradictory results, it has been difficult for educators and Interface designers to be completely sold on the Importance of anthropomorphic design. II. Overview of Anthropomorphic Design 3 A. Key interface design considerations 1 . The Role of the Agent Anthropomorphic agents can have many different roles that range from being a guide on the side, activated only at the userââ¬â¢s request, to an ever present tutor helping the user to answer questions and resolve problems. Deciding what role the agent will have in the program is the most important step in the development process. An agent that performs an inappropriate role will only result in user rustication and anxiety. How to cite Anthropomorphy, Papers
Saturday, April 25, 2020
The Age Of The Universe Essays - Physical Cosmology, Big Bang
The Age of the Universe INTRODUCTION: The goal of the project is to find the age of the universe according to the theory that there were equal amounts of the two uranium isotopes U235 and U238 at the time of the Big Bang. At present, there are 137.7 U238 atoms for each atom of U235. We know that the half-life of U235 is 0.71 billion years, and the half-life of U238 is 4.51 billion years, we used this information to determine the age of the universe. We started by looking at the problem mathematically and then after figuring out the age of the universe with the above information. We proceeded to look for other sources of information about the age of the universe with supporting data. The two largest sources that were found were a Seattle University professor and a theory proposed by Edwin Hubble. CALCULATIONS Using the information above, we Y238(t) = Y238(0)ekt = No ekt Where No ekt is initial amount presumed equal for both isotopes. Y238(0) is the amount at Big Bang. Using the half-life formula of k = -ln2/T1. Where T1 is 4.51 in billion of years. Y235(t) = Y235(0)ekt = No ekt Y235(0) is the amount at Big Bang. Using the half-life formula of k2 = -ln2/T2. Where T2 is 0.71 in billions of years. Given these equations, they hypothesis of the problem is states that Y235(tnow) 1 Y238(tnow) = 137.7 Y238(tnow) Y235(tnow) = 137.7 So Y238(tnow) = Y238(0) ekt = No ek2tnow = etnow(k2-K1) = 137.7 Y235(tnow) Y235(0) ekt Noek1tnow Given that tnow cancels out for both U235 and U238 we are left with the equation of: tnow ( -ln2 + -ln2) = 137.7 4.51 0.71 tnow ( .82257) = ln(137.7) tnow (.82257) = 4.92508 solving for tnow: tnow = 5.987 billion years. So this theory estimates the age of the universe to roughly 6 billion years old. COUNTERING THEORIES: HUBBLE THEORY In 1929, Edwin Hubble decided that because the light coming from most galaxies was redshifted. (The apparent change in wavelength of sound or light caused by the motion of the source, observer or both. Waves emitted by a moving object as received by an observer will be blueshifted (compressed) if approaching, redshifted (elongated) if receding. It occurs both in sound and light. How much the frequency changes depend on how fast the object is moving toward or away from the receiver.) Hubble concluded that the universe must be expanding after exploding from an infinitesimal volume of super hot, super dense concentration of matter and energy. The explosion is called the big bang, which propelled matter in all directions and at all speeds. According to the big bang theory, the farther away an object is from us, the more redshifted its light. Also, a greater redshift means the object is moving away faster than objects with less redshift. In Designs and Origins in Astronomy, Mulfinger explains the redshift technique for measuring distances to distant galaxies. If the universe is not expanding, this cannot be true and the redshift must be due to other causes. An astronomer can tell how old the universe is by the rate of expansion. Cowen in 1994, clarifies that if the redshift is due to something other than expansion, nothing can be said about the universe's age. As we shall discuss further in connection with the big bang, there is strong evidence that the Universe has not always existed, but instead came into being a finite amount of time ago. There are several measures of the age of the Universe. Let us discuss two: (1) the age of globular clusters and (2) the inverse of the Hubble constant. Globular Clusters As a counter to the mathematical theory, globular clusters provide a measure of the age of the cluster. A cluster is a system of galaxies containing from a few to a few thousand-member galaxies, which are all gravitationally bound to each other. Thus, the age of such clusters place a limit on the age of the Universe, for it must be at least as old as the objects that it contains. Such estimates typically yield ages in the range 14-18 billion years Hubble Time The inverse of the Hubble constant H has the units of time because the Hubble law is v = H d where v is the velocity of recession,
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